Characterization of spelling errors in students with learning difficulties complaints
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51207/2179-4057.20250006Keywords:
Handwriting, Language Development, Literacy, LearningAbstract
Objective: The study aimed to outline the profile of spelling errors among students from a private school in Nordeste, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, who reported learning difficulties, across various educational levels represented in the sample, and to ascertain the nature and predominant types of errors. Methods: Twenty children aged 7 to 15 years, from 1st to 9th year of Ensino Fundamental (Elementary Education) I and II, participated in the study. All students reported difficulties in reading and writing. The children were divided into 8 groups, corresponding to the educational levels represented in the sample, and were assessed using the Word and Pseudoword Reading Assessment protocol (LPI). The words written by the participants were analyzed and characterized according to Zorzi’s standardized analysis. Results: The results showed a higher frequency of letter omission errors, suggesting an imprecision in the acquisition of phonological representations. This indicates that children with learning difficulties primarily struggle with manipulating language sounds, despite private education emphasizing spelling rules. Considerations: The findings underscore the importance of describing spelling errors in children with reading and writing difficulties for better diagnosis and intervention.
Downloads
References
Afonso, O., Suárez-Coalla, P., & Cuetos, F. (2020). Writing Impairments in Spanish Children With Developmental Dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 53(2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219419876255
Alves, M. T. G., Soares, J. F., & Xavier, F. P. (2016). Desigualdades educacionais no ensino fundamental de 2005 a 2013: hiato entre grupos sociais. Revista Brasileira de Sociologia, 4(7), 49-82.
Anjos, A. B. L., Barbosa, A. L. A., & Azoni, C. A. S. (2019). Phonological processing in students with developmental dyslexia, ADHD and intellectual disability. Revista CEFAC, 21(5), e3119. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20192153119
Aragão, M. S., & Klein, M. A. (2023). Desafios do processo de alfabetização em tempos de pandemia. Revista Foco, 16(2), e915. https://doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v16n2-054
Befi-Lopes, D. M., Leão, L. F. A., & Soares, A. J. C. (2022). Relationships between chronological and linguistic age and phonological awareness in children with developmental language disorder. Revista CEFAC, 24(3), e6521. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20222436521
Donicht, G., Ceron, M. I., & Keske-Soares, M. (2019). Erros ortográficos e habilidades de consciência fonológica em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico. CoDAS, 31(1), e20170212. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182018212
Farah, R., Ionta, S., & Horowitz-Kraus, T. (2021). Neuro-Behavioral Correlates of Executive Dysfunctions in Dyslexia Over Development From Childhood to Adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 708863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708863
Fonseca, V. (2019). Teste de Desempenho Escolar: Manual para Aplicação e Interpretação (4ª ed.). Vetor Editora.
Henbest, V., & Apel, K. (2021). The Relation Between a Systematic Analysis of Spelling and Orthographic and Phonological Awareness Skills in First-Grade Children. Language, Speech, And Hearing Services in Schools, 52(3), 827-839. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_LSHSS-20-00114
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2022). Censo demográfico 2022. https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/trabalho/22827-censo-demografico-2022.html
Nascimento, A. L. R., Lima, M. C., & Mariano, S. M. F. (2022). A formação do leitor: Desafios de formar leitores no 4º ano do ensino fundamental. Linha Mestra, 16(46), 362-370. https://doi.org/10.34112/1980-9026a2022n46p362-370
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2019). PISA 2018 Assessment and Analytical Framework. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b25efab8-en
Piccolo, L. R., Miná, C. S., & Salles, J. F. (2017). ANELE 1: Avaliação de Leitura de Palavras e Pseudopalavras Isoladas (LPI). Vetor Editora.
Pinheiro, Â. M. V. (1994). Avaliação cognitiva das capacidades de leitura e de escrita de crianças nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. Editorial Psy.
Silva, M., & Spinillo, A. (2019). Uma análise comparativa da escrita de histórias pelos alunos de escolas públicas e particulares. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, 79(193), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.79i193.1015
Soto, E., Irwin, L., Chan, E., Spiegel, J., & Kofler, M. (2021). Executive functions and writing skills in children with and without ADHD. Neuropsychology, 35(8), 792-808. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000769
Vale, A., & Perpétua, R. (2020). Early Context-Conditioned Orthographic Knowledge in European Portuguese: The Spelling of the Schwa. Frontiers in Education, 5, 513577. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.513577
Wai, L., Jiar, Y., & Handayani, L. (2023). A systematic review on interventions for children with dyslexia. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(3), 1674-1682. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i3.25099
Zacharias-Carolino, A. G., & Osti, A. (2020). Desempenho na escrita de estudantes pertencentes aos anos finais do ensino fundamental I. Revista Psicopedagogia, 37(114), 314-326.
Zorzi, J. L. (1998). Aprender a escrever: A apropriação do sistema ortográfico. Artmed.
Zorzi, J. L. (2006). Alterações ortográficas nos transtornos de aprendizagem. In M. I. Maluf (Org.), Aprendizagem: Tramas do conhecimento, do saber e da subjetividade (pp. 144-162). Vozes.
Zorzi, J. L., & Ciasca, S. M. (2008). Caracterização dos erros ortográficos em crianças com transtorno de aprendizagem. Revista CEFAC, 10(3), 321-331.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Beatriz Leite dos Anjos, Bárbara Louise Costa Messias, Flávia Ferreira Lemos, Anna Irenne de Lima Azevedo, Hellen França Alcântara, Bárbara Tavares do Nascimento, Cíntia Alves Salgado Azoni

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.












