Sensory alterations in the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Implications in the development and learning
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder, Sensory Alterations, LearningAbstract
Introduction: Difficulties in sensory processing in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compromise, to varying degrees, de-ve lopment and learning. Such difficulties generate patterns of sensory responses that negatively affect the communication and social interaction of these individuals, in multiple contexts. The aim of this study was to review the literature on sensory alterations in individuals with ASD. Methods:A search was made for articles in the following databases: Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library of Medicine) and Bireme, using the combined terms in Portuguese and English: Transtorno do Espectro Autista, alterações sensoriais; Autism Spectrum Disorder, sensory alterations. The selected articles focused on the presence of sensory alterations in individuals with ASD and on the neural basis of the disorder. Results: Four patterns of responses related to changes in sensory processing were found. Investigations into the neural basis of this disorder have revealed evidence of sensory deficits. Many of the behaviors presented by individuals with ASD in the school environment may be related to a deregulation of neural messages by the brain generating responses and inappropriate behaviors. Final Considerations: Information and knowledge about the presence of sensory alterations in individuals with ASD can contribute to the planning of interventions that are more scientifically based, with an understanding of the implications of the disorder in development and learning, as well as clarification of countless doubts present in the daily life of educators who work with children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD.
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