Fatores de risco para baixo desempenho escolar: uma revisão integrativa

Ana Paula Rosa; Patricia Leila dos Santos; Corina Milagro Mosqueira Taipe; Eduarda Souza Dilleggi

doi:10.51207/2179-4057.20220032

Autores

Ana Paula Rosa Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP)
Patricia Leila dos Santos Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP)
Corina Milagro Mosqueira Taipe Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP)
Eduarda Souza Dilleggi Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (EERP-USP)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51207/2179-4057.20220032

Palavras-chave:

Fracasso Escolar, Fatores de Risco, Desempenho Acadêmico, Criança, Adolescente

Resumo

Introdução: O baixo desempenho escolar é um fenômeno cuja origem está calcada na inter-relação entre os aspectos biológicos, psicossociais, culturais e históricos do desenvolvimento humano. É tema de preocupação entre profissionais da educação e da saúde, bem como entre os responsáveis pelos alunos afetados. Quando identificados precocemente, os prejuízos causados pelo baixo desempenho escolar podem ser mitigados. Caso contrário, os danos podem se estender até a idade adulta, prejudicando o indivíduo em diferentes contextos de vida, tais como: social, acadêmico-profissional e emocional. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco associados ao baixo desempenho escolar de crianças e adolescentes a partir de uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Método: Busca nas bases SciELO, PubMed, ERIC e PsycINFO, entre 2009 e 2019. Resultados: Foram encontrados 24 artigos relacionados ao tema, sendo os estudos observacionais os mais frequentes. Os fatores de risco encontrados foram categorizados em: individuais, familiares e escolares. A categoria mais citada referiu-se aos fatores de risco provenientes do contexto familiar. Conclusão: O ambiente familiar foi identificado como o principal gerador de fatores de risco para o fracasso escolar.

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